What is the major cause of serious pollution problems in inland and coastal waters?

The continued dumping of sewage and industrial waste is a major cause of serious pollution problems in both inland and coastal waters. This practice introduces harmful substances, including pathogens, nutrients, and toxic chemicals, directly into water bodies, leading to detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Sewage contains organic matter that can deplete oxygen levels in the water, causing dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive. Additionally, industrial waste often contains hazardous materials that can lead to long-term environmental damage, bioaccumulation in the food chain, and adverse effects on human populations that rely on these water sources for drinking, recreation, and fishing. This type of pollution is often regulated but still occurs frequently in many areas, making it a critical issue for water quality management and environmental protection efforts.